U sustavnim pregledima i meta-analizama MSC terapija dosljedno se pokazuje sigurnom i dobro podnošljivom. Većina nuspojava je blaga i prolazna, poput glavobolje, povišene temperature, umora, bolova u leđima ili prolaznih infekcija, dok su ozbiljne komplikacije rijetke i često povezane s postupkom primjene, a ne sa samim stanicama (Vaheb et al., 2024; Islam et al., 2023; Oliveira et al., 2019; Uccelli et al., 2021; Yim et al., 2019).
Ovaj sigurnosni profil dosljedan je kod različitih izvora MSC — uključujući koštanu srž, masno tkivo, pupkovinu i posteljicu — te različitih putova primjene, poput intravenskog ili intratekalnog (Sheikhi et al., 2025; Islam et al., 2023; Dahbour et al., 2017; Oliveira et al., 2019; Shokati et al., 2025; Ghareghani et al., 2024; Riordan et al., 2018). Dobra praksa naglašava pažljivu selekciju bolesnika s obzirom na komorbiditete i infekcije te primjenu terapije unutar formalnih kliničkih ispitivanja (Vaheb et al., 2024; Sheikhi et al., 2025; Shokati et al., 2025; Kvistad et al., 2022).
MSC terapija kod MS pokazuje umjerenu i varijabilnu učinkovitost. Meta-analize bilježe mala prosječna poboljšanja invaliditeta (promjene EDSS-a oko –0,2 do –0,4 boda) ili stabilizaciju bolesti, a ne dramatičan oporavak. Približno 30–40 % bolesnika pokazuje poboljšanje, trećina ostaje stabilna, dok se 15–20 % može pogoršati nakon MSC terapije (Vaheb et al., 2024; Islam et al., 2023; Yim et al., 2019; Shalhoub, 2023).
Multicentrično randomizirano ispitivanje MESEMS potvrdilo je sigurnost, ali nije pokazalo statistički značajan učinak na gadolinijem pojačane lezije na MRI-u nakon 24 tjedna, što naglašava ograničenja protuupalne učinkovitosti. S druge strane, druge kontrolirane i nekontrolirane studije bilježe smanjenu aktivnost bolesti i određene funkcionalne dobitke, osobito kod progresivne MS s aktivnom bolešću (Petrou et al., 2020; Dahbour et al., 2017; Oliveira et al., 2019; Shokati et al., 2025; Ghareghani et al., 2024; Riordan et al., 2018).
Neke značajke protokola povezane su s boljim ishodima:
Trenutačne preporuke podupiru primjenu MSC isključivo unutar strogo dizajniranih kliničkih ispitivanja, uz:
Općenito, MSC terapija kod MS čini se da stabilizira bolest i donosi umjerena funkcionalna poboljšanja, no zasad ne postoje konačni dokazi da nadmašuje optimizirane konvencionalne terapije u velikim randomiziranim ispitivanjima (Maji et al., 2025; Kvistad et al., 2022; Yim et al., 2019).
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