V sistematičnih pregledih in meta-analizah se terapija z MSC dosledno izkazuje za varno in dobro prenašano. Večina neželenih dogodkov je blagih in prehodnih, kot so glavobol, vročina, utrujenost, bolečine v hrbtu ali prehodne okužbe, medtem ko so resne zaplete redke in pogosto povezane z injekcijskim postopkom, ne s samimi celicami (Vaheb et al., 2024; Islam et al., 2023; Oliveira et al., 2019; Uccelli et al., 2021; Yim et al., 2019).
Ta varnostni profil je skladen za različne vire MSC — vključno s kostnim mozgom, maščobnim tkivom, popkovnico in placento — ter različne poti apliciranja, kot so intravenska ali intratekalna (Sheikhi et al., 2025; Islam et al., 2023; Dahbour et al., 2017; Oliveira et al., 2019; Shokati et al., 2025; Ghareghani et al., 2024; Riordan et al., 2018). Najboljša praksa poudarja skrbno selekcijo pacientov glede komorbiditet ali okužb in uporabo znotraj formalnih kliničnih preskušanj (Vaheb et al., 2024; Sheikhi et al., 2025; Shokati et al., 2025; Kvistad et al., 2022).
Terapija z MSC pri MS pokaže zmerno in spremenljivo učinkovitost. Meta-analize poročajo o majhnih povprečnih izboljšavah invalidnosti (spremembe EDSS okoli –0,2 do –0,4 točke) ali stabilizaciji bolezni, namesto dramatičnega okrevanja. Približno 30–40 % pacientov se izboljša, tretjina ostane stabilna, 15–20 % pa se lahko poslabša po terapiji z MSC (Vaheb et al., 2024; Islam et al., 2023; Yim et al., 2019; Shalhoub, 2023).
Multicentrična randomizirana študija MESEMS je potrdila varnost, vendar ni našla statistično pomembnega učinka na gadolinij-poudarjene lezije na MRI po 24 tednih, kar poudarja omejitve protivnetne učinkovitosti. Druge kontrolirane in nekontrolirane študije pa kažejo zmanjšano aktivnost bolezni in nekatere funkcionalne pridobitve, zlasti pri progresivni MS z aktivno boleznijo (Petrou et al., 2020; Dahbour et al., 2017; Oliveira et al., 2019; Shokati et al., 2025; Ghareghani et al., 2024; Riordan et al., 2018).
Nekatere značilnosti protokola se zdijo povezane z boljšimi rezultati:
Trenutna priporočila podpirajo uporabo MSC le znotraj strogo zasnovanih kliničnih preskušanj, z:
Na splošno se terapija z MSC pri MS zdi, da stabilizira bolezen in zagotavlja zmerne funkcionalne izboljšave, vendar ni dokončnih dokazov, da MSC presegajo optimizirane konvencionalne terapije v velikih randomiziranih preskušanjih (Maji et al., 2025; Kvistad et al., 2022; Yim et al., 2019).
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