Matične stanice i njihovi derivati sve se češće koriste u dermatologiji, pri čemu su najsnažniji dokazi za njihovu primjenu upravo u cijeljenju rana. Sustavni pregledi pokazuju da mezenhimske, a osobito matične stanice dobivene iz masnog tkiva (AD-MSC/ADSC), ubrzavaju zatvaranje kroničnih rana, smanjuju bol i poboljšavaju estetske rezultate kada su kombinirane s odgovarajućom lokalnom njegom rana (Farabi et al., 2024; Mazini et al., 2020; Gentile & Garcovich, 2021; Sierra-Sánchez et al., 2021).
Ove se stanice mogu primijeniti topikalno, injekcijski ili unutar potpornih nosača i dermalnih nadomjestaka. Djeluju diferencijacijom u kožne stanice, ali i lučenjem čimbenika rasta i citokina koji potiču angiogenezu, taloženje kolagena i reepitelizaciju. Pretkliničke meta-analize na modelima kožnih režnjeva pokazuju i značajno smanjenje nekroze režnjeva te veću gustoću krvnih žila, osobito pri primjeni MSC/ADSC i intraarterijskoj dostavi (Li et al., 2021).
Kod upalnih i imunološki posredovanih kožnih bolesti AD-MSC i njihovi ekstracelularni vezikuli (egzosomi) pokazuju obećavajuće imunomodulatorne učinke i učinke obnove kožne barijere. Kliničke i pretkliničke studije bilježe poboljšanja kod:
Šire gledano, MSC iz masnog tkiva, koštane srži i pupkovine istraživane su i kod psorijaze, atopijskog dermatitisa, sistemske skleroze, lupusa, bolesti presatka protiv domaćina te kontaktnog dermatitisa. Mnoge studije pokazuju smanjenje upalnih pokazatelja i poboljšanje kliničkih indeksa, iako su dizajni studija heterogeni (Khandpur et al., 2021; Sierra-Sánchez et al., 2021; Matwiejuk et al., 2025; Kuang et al., 2024; Legiawati et al., 2022).
Važan razvoj u dermatologiji predstavlja prijelaz prema bezstaničnim terapijama koje koriste MSC-kondicionirani medij ili egzosome. Ovi su pristupi pokazali koristi kod:
Egzosomi AD-MSC, osobito u kombinaciji s biomaterijalnim hidrogelovima, omogućuju kontrolirano lokalno oslobađanje te su pokazali da:
Kod svih indikacija dobra praksa naglašava:
Trenutačni klinički podaci upućuju na visoku kratkoročnu sigurnost, uglavnom uz blage lokalne nuspojave. Ipak, potrebne su dodatne randomizirane kontrolirane studije, standardizirane doze i putovi primjene te dugoročno praćenje, osobito kod estetskih indikacija (Khandpur et al., 2021; Gentile & Garcovich, 2021; Chakraborty & De, 2024; Sierra-Sánchez et al., 2021; Kuang et al., 2024; Legiawati et al., 2022).
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