Matične celice in njihovi derivati se vse bolj uporabljajo v dermatologiji, pri čemer so najmočnejši dokazi za njihovo uporabo pri celjenju ran. Sistemski pregledi kažejo, da mezenhimske in zlasti iz maščobnega tkiva pridobljene matične celice (AD-MSC/ADSC) pospešujejo zapiranje kroničnih ran, zmanjšujejo bolečino in izboljšujejo estetske rezultate, kadar so kombinirane z ustrezno lokalno oskrbo ran (Farabi et al., 2024; Mazini et al., 2020; Gentile & Garcovich, 2021; Sierra-Sánchez et al., 2021).
Te celice je mogoče aplicirati topikalno, z injekcijo ali znotraj podpornih nosilcev in dermalnih nadomestkov. Delujejo tako, da se diferencirajo v kožne celice, kot tudi preko izločanja rastnih faktorjev in citokinov, ki spodbujajo angiogenezo, nalaganje kolagena in re-epitelizacijo. Predklinične meta-analize na modelih kožnih lopatic kažejo tudi izrazito zmanjšano nekrozo lopatic in večjo gostoto krvnih žil, zlasti pri uporabi MSC/ADSC in intra-arterijske dostave (Li et al., 2021).
Pri vnetnih in imunsko posredovanih kožnih boleznih AD-MSC in njihove ekstracelularne vezikle (eksosome) kažejo obetavne imunomodulatorne in učinke obnove kožne bariere. Klinične in predklinične študije poročajo o izboljšavah pri:
Širše so bile MSC iz maščobnega tkiva, kostnega mozga in popkovnične vrvice raziskane tudi pri psoriazi, atopijskem dermatitisu, sistemski sklerozi, lupus, bolezni presadka proti gostitelju ter kontaktnem dermatitisu. Mnoge študije kažejo znižanje vnetnih ocen in izboljšanje kliničnih indeksov, čeprav so zasnove študij heterogene (Khandpur et al., 2021; Sierra-Sánchez et al., 2021; Matwiejuk et al., 2025; Kuang et al., 2024; Legiawati et al., 2022).
Pomemben razvoj v dermatologiji je prehod k brezceličnim terapijam z uporabo MSC pogojenih medijev ali eksosomov. Ti pristopi so pokazali koristi pri:
Eksosomi AD-MSC, zlasti v kombinaciji z biomaterialnimi hidrogeli, omogočajo nadzorovano lokalno sproščanje in so pokazali, da:
Pri vseh indikacijah dobre prakse poudarjajo:
Trenutni klinični podatki kažejo visoko kratkoročno varnost, večinoma z blagimi lokalnimi neželenimi učinki, vendar so še potrebne nadaljnje randomizirane kontrolirane študije, standardizirani odmerki in poti aplikacije ter dolgoročno spremljanje, zlasti pri estetskih indikacijah (Khandpur et al., 2021; Gentile & Garcovich, 2021; Chakraborty & De, 2024; Sierra-Sánchez et al., 2021; Kuang et al., 2024; Legiawati et al., 2022).
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